Incremental qualification

English progressively constrains or specifies a proposition by adding layers.

Adjuncts types and their semantic relations

Adjunct type

Useful technical wording

Example

Degree

modifies / specifies degree

completely [destroyed]

Duration

specifies the duration of the situation

worked [for two hours]

Evaluative

evaluates the proposition / situation

fortunately [she left]

Focus

takes scope over / has scope over

only [just entered]

Frequency

quantifies over occurrences / specifies frequency

often [visits us]

Instrument

specifies the instrument used

opened it [with a key]

Manner

characterises the manner of the event

spoke [quietly]

Modal / stance

scopes over / qualifies the proposition

probably [she left]

Place

locates the situation in space

worked [at home]

Purpose

specifies the purpose

left early [to catch the train]

Reason

specifies the reason / cause

left [because of the noise]

Speech-act

modifies / comments on the speech act

frankly [I disagree]

Temporal

locates / situates the situation in time

yesterday [she left]