Rhetoric sentence structure

Device	Definition / How It Works	Effect / Why Use It	Example
Anaphora	Repetition of a word/phrase at start of clauses	Emphasizes ideas, rhythm	“We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the fields…”
Epistrophe	Repetition at end of clauses	Emphasis, symmetry	“See no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil.”
Epanalepsis	Repetition at beginning and end of clause	Frames idea, emphasizes	“The king is dead, long live the king.”
Synonymia	Repetition using synonyms	Strengthens/clarifies idea	“This is a delight, a pleasure, a joy.”
Anadiplosis	Last word of clause repeated at start of next	Connects ideas, builds momentum	“Fear leads to anger. Anger leads to hate.”
Isocolon	Clauses of similar structure and length	Rhythm, elegance	“Veni, vidi, vici.”
Zeugma	One word governs multiple clauses/objects	Wit, compression	“He stole my heart and my wallet.”
Syllepsis	One word governs multiple clauses with different meanings	Humor, irony	“She blew my mind and my nose.”
Chiasmus	Reversal of grammatical structure	Memorable phrasing, symmetry	“Never let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.”
Anastrophe	Inversion of normal word order	Emphasis, style	“Never have I seen such chaos.”
Asyndeton	Omission of conjunctions	Speeds rhythm	“I came, I saw, I conquered.”
Polysyndeton	Multiple conjunctions	Slows rhythm, emphasizes	“We have ships and men and money and stores.”
Apostrophe	Addressing absent/abstract entity	Drama, emotion	“O Death, where is thy sting?”
Periodic Sentence	Main clause at end	Suspense, emphasis	“Despite the rain, we arrived on time.”
Cumulative / Loose Sentence	Main clause first, details follow	Flow, explanatory	“We arrived on time, despite the rain and the long journey.”