Prepositions by category

Preposition

Accompaniment / Association

Comparative / Similarity

Condition / Concession

Causal / Reason

Direction / Path

Instrumental / Means

Spatial / Locative

Temporal / Time

Function / Notes

Other Uses

aboard

✓

✓

intransitive

—

about

complement-taking verb

adjective / adverb

above

✓

intransitive

adjective / adverb / noun

abreast

✓

✓

intransitive

adverb

abroad

✓

✓

intransitive

adverb

absent

formal / adjective-like

adjective / noun

according

✓

“according to”

—

across

✓

✓

intransitive

adverb

adrift

✓

intransitive

adverb

aft

✓

✓

intransitive

adverb / noun

after

✓

intransitive / complement-taking

conjunction

against

✓

noun / verb

ago

✓

intransitive

adverb

ahead

✓

intransitive

adverb

akimbo

intransitive

adverb

aloft

✓

intransitive

adverb

along

✓

✓

intransitive

—

alongside

✓

intransitive

—

although

✓

clause introducer

conjunction

amid

✓

—

among

✓

—

apart

intransitive

adverb

apropos

adjective / adverb / preposition

around

✓

✓

intransitive

—

as

✓

conjunction / prepositional phrase

adverb / conjunction

ashore

✓

intransitive

adverb

aside

✓

intransitive

adverb

aslant

intransitive

adverb

astride

✓

—

at

✓

adverb / noun

away

✓

intransitive

adverb

back

✓

intransitive

adverb / noun

bar

✓

noun / verb

barring

✓

clause introducer

verb

based

adjective / participial phrase

verb

because

✓

clause introducer

conjunction

before

✓

intransitive / complement-taking

conjunction

beforehand

intransitive

adverb

behind

✓

intransitive

adverb

below

✓

intransitive

adverb

beneath

✓

—

beside

✓

✓

—

besides

✓

adverb

between

✓

—

betwixt

✓

—

beyond

✓

✓

intransitive

—

but

✓

conjunction / exception

noun / adverb

by

✓

✓

adverb / noun

chez

✓

noun

circa

✓

adverb

come

✓

clause introducer

verb

contra

✓

—

counting

participial phrase

verb

cum

noun / phrase

—

despite

preposition / adverb

down

✓

intransitive

adverb

due

✓

adjective / participial phrase

during

✓

—

east

✓

intransitive

noun / adverb

ere

✓

clause introducer

conjunction

except

✓

verb / conjunction

excepting

✓

participial phrase

verb

following

participial phrase

adjective

for

preposition / complement

conjunction / infinitive marker

forth

✓

intransitive

adverb

forward(s)

✓

intransitive

adverb

from

—

preposition / adverb

given

✓

participial phrase

adjective

granted

✓

participial phrase

adjective

hence

adverb / conjunct

—

henceforth

adverb

—

here

✓

intransitive

adverb

home

✓

intransitive

adverb / noun

if

✓

clause introducer

conjunction

in

✓

—

including

participial phrase / modifier

—

indoors

✓

intransitive

adverb

inside

✓

intransitive

—

instead

adverb / modifier

—

into

✓

—

less

✓

comparative phrase

adjective / adverb

lest

✓

clause introducer

conjunction

like

✓

comparative / preposition

verb / adverb

minus

✓

comparative / arithmetic

noun / verb

modulo

arithmetic / modifier

—

near

✓

adjective / adverb

nearby

✓

intransitive

adjective / adverb

next

✓

adjective / adverb

north

✓

intransitive

noun / adverb

now

✓

intransitive

adverb

o’clock

✓

intransitive

noun

of

complement-taking

preposition only

off

✓

intransitive

adverb

on

✓

intransitive

adverb

once

✓

temporal phrase

adverb / conjunction

onto

✓

—

onward(s)

✓

intransitive

adverb

opposite

✓

intransitive

adjective / adverb

out

✓

intransitive

adverb

over

✓

intransitive

adverb

owing

✓

adjective / participial phrase

past

✓

intransitive

noun / adverb

pending

participial phrase

adjective

per

arithmetic / rate

—

plus

✓

arithmetic / comparative

noun / verb

prior

temporal phrase / modifier

adjective

pro

arithmetic / modifier

—

provided

✓

clause introducer

conjunction

providing

✓

clause introducer

conjunction

pursuant

formal / legal

—

qua

formal / role

noun

regarding

formal / topical

verb / participle

respecting

participial phrase / modifier

verb

round

✓

intransitive

adverb / noun

sans

preposition / formal

—

save

✓

exception

verb / noun

saving

participial phrase

verb / noun

seeing

participial phrase

verb

short

intransitive

adjective

since

✓

✓

temporal / clause introducer

conjunction

so

✓

clause introducer

conjunction / adverb

south

✓

intransitive

noun / adverb

sub

prepositional / abbreviation

noun / adjective

supposing

✓

clause introducer

conjunction

than

✓

comparative / clause introducer

conjunction

then

temporal sequence / adverb

adverb / noun

thence

✓

intransitive

adverb

thenceforth

✓

intransitive

adverb

there

✓

✓

expletive / adverb

noun / adverb

though

✓

clause introducer

conjunction

through

✓

intransitive

adverb

throughout

✓

—

till

✓

temporal clause

conjunction

times

✓

arithmetic

noun / verb

to

✓

—

together

✓

modifier / adjunct

adverb

toward(s)

✓

—

under

✓

✓

intransitive

adverb

underfoot

✓

intransitive

noun / adverb

underground

✓

intransitive

noun / adverb

underneath

✓

intransitive

noun / adverb

unless

✓

clause introducer

conjunction

unlike

✓

comparative / contrast

adjective / adverb

until

✓

clause introducer / temporal

conjunction

unto

✓

formal / literary

—

up

✓

intransitive

adverb

upon

✓

formal / literary

—

versus

✓

contrast / comparison

noun / adverb

via

✓

travel / path

—

vis-à-vis

✓

comparative / locative

—

wanting

lacking / participial

adjective / verb

west

✓

intransitive

noun / adverb

when

✓

clause introducer / temporal

conjunction

whence

✓

clause introducer / origin

adverb

where

✓

clause introducer / relative

adverb

whereas

✓

✓

contrast / clause introducer

conjunction

while

✓

temporal / clause introducer

conjunction

whilst

✓

temporal / clause introducer

conjunction

with

✓

accompaniment / instrument

noun / verb

within

✓

✓

intransitive

adverb

without

absence / exclusion

adverb