Conditional verbs¶
Verbs that license conditionals, interrogatives, hypothesis, doubt, dependency etc
Core interrogative selectors¶
Verb |
Register |
Example |
|---|---|---|
ascertain |
formal |
Investigators ascertained whether fraud occurred. |
assess |
formal |
Analysts assess whether the risk is material. |
ask |
neutral |
She asked whether it was valid. |
check |
neutral |
Check whether the claim is true. |
confirm |
neutral/formal |
Confirm whether the report is accurate. |
decide |
neutral |
They decided whether to proceed. |
determine |
formal |
The test determines whether it passes. |
discover |
neutral |
We discovered whether it was feasible. |
evaluate |
formal |
The model evaluates whether outcomes differ. |
examine |
formal |
The paper examines whether growth slowed. |
explore |
formal |
We explore whether this generalizes. |
find out |
neutral |
We’ll find out if it holds. |
investigate |
formal |
The team investigated whether bias exists. |
know |
neutral |
He knows whether it works. |
learn |
neutral |
She learned whether the method worked. |
probe |
formal |
The report probes whether assumptions hold. |
review |
formal |
The panel reviews whether standards were met. |
see |
informal |
I’ll see if they respond. |
test |
neutral |
They tested whether the hypothesis holds. |
verify |
formal |
Verify whether the data align. |
wonder |
neutral |
I wonder if this is correct. |
Dubitative / uncertainty predicates¶
Verb / Expression |
Register |
Example |
|---|---|---|
be doubtful |
formal |
It’s doubtful whether gains remain. |
be unclear |
formal |
It’s unclear whether this scales. |
be uncertain |
formal |
It’s uncertain whether effects persist. |
be unsure |
neutral |
I’m unsure whether it matters. |
doubt |
neutral |
I doubt whether/if this works. |
have doubts |
neutral |
They have doubts whether it’s viable. |
query (BrE) |
formal |
Analysts query whether assumptions hold. |
question |
formal |
We question whether this is justified. |
wonder about |
neutral |
We wonder about whether this is stable. |
Dependency / contingency predicates¶
Verb |
Register |
Example |
|---|---|---|
be contingent (on) |
formal |
Approval is contingent on whether criteria are met. |
depend (on) |
neutral |
It depends on whether he agrees. |
hinge (on) |
formal |
Success hinges on whether funding arrives. |
pivot (on) |
formal |
Strategy pivots on whether demand recovers. |
rest (on) |
formal |
The case rests on whether intent is shown. |
ride (on) |
neutral |
Everything rides on whether they deliver. |
turn (on) |
formal |
The outcome turns on whether this holds. |
Directive / investigative predicates¶
Verb |
Register |
Example |
|---|---|---|
audit |
formal |
Auditors audit whether controls function. |
check |
neutral |
Check whether this is consistent. |
confirm |
neutral |
Confirm whether the claim holds. |
inspect |
neutral |
Inspect whether defects appear. |
monitor |
neutral |
Monitor whether performance degrades. |
track |
neutral |
Track whether metrics improve. |
validate |
formal |
Validate whether the model generalizes. |
verify |
formal |
Verify whether the figures match. |
Hypothetical / assumption framers¶
Verb |
Register |
Example |
|---|---|---|
assume |
formal |
Assume the premise holds. |
grant |
formal |
Grant that this is true. |
imagine |
neutral |
Imagine the policy fails. |
posit |
formal |
The theory posits that constraints bind. |
say |
informal |
Say they refuse—what then? |
stipulate |
formal |
The contract stipulates that payment is due. |
suppose |
neutral |
Suppose he’s wrong—what follows? |
Epistemic attitude predicates¶
Verb |
Register |
Example |
|---|---|---|
argue |
formal |
The paper argues that effects persist. |
believe |
neutral |
She believes that it’s valid. |
contend |
formal |
Critics contend that the model fails. |
expect |
neutral |
We expect that results will vary. |
maintain |
formal |
The author maintains that the claim holds. |
suspect |
neutral |
They suspect that bias exists. |
think |
neutral |
I think that this works. |
Related to validation
Appearance / evidential predicates¶
Verb |
Register |
Example |
|---|---|---|
appear |
formal |
It appears that errors remain. |
look (like) |
informal |
It looks like this will fail. |
seem |
neutral |
It seems that demand fell. |
sound (like) |
informal |
It sounds like a workaround. |