Conditional verbs

Verbs that license conditionals, interrogatives, hypothesis, doubt, dependency etc

Core interrogative selectors

Verb

Register

Example

ascertain

formal

Investigators ascertained whether fraud occurred.

assess

formal

Analysts assess whether the risk is material.

ask

neutral

She asked whether it was valid.

check

neutral

Check whether the claim is true.

confirm

neutral/formal

Confirm whether the report is accurate.

decide

neutral

They decided whether to proceed.

determine

formal

The test determines whether it passes.

discover

neutral

We discovered whether it was feasible.

evaluate

formal

The model evaluates whether outcomes differ.

examine

formal

The paper examines whether growth slowed.

explore

formal

We explore whether this generalizes.

find out

neutral

We’ll find out if it holds.

investigate

formal

The team investigated whether bias exists.

know

neutral

He knows whether it works.

learn

neutral

She learned whether the method worked.

probe

formal

The report probes whether assumptions hold.

review

formal

The panel reviews whether standards were met.

see

informal

I’ll see if they respond.

test

neutral

They tested whether the hypothesis holds.

verify

formal

Verify whether the data align.

wonder

neutral

I wonder if this is correct.

Dubitative / uncertainty predicates

Verb / Expression

Register

Example

be doubtful

formal

It’s doubtful whether gains remain.

be unclear

formal

It’s unclear whether this scales.

be uncertain

formal

It’s uncertain whether effects persist.

be unsure

neutral

I’m unsure whether it matters.

doubt

neutral

I doubt whether/if this works.

have doubts

neutral

They have doubts whether it’s viable.

query (BrE)

formal

Analysts query whether assumptions hold.

question

formal

We question whether this is justified.

wonder about

neutral

We wonder about whether this is stable.

Dependency / contingency predicates

Verb

Register

Example

be contingent (on)

formal

Approval is contingent on whether criteria are met.

depend (on)

neutral

It depends on whether he agrees.

hinge (on)

formal

Success hinges on whether funding arrives.

pivot (on)

formal

Strategy pivots on whether demand recovers.

rest (on)

formal

The case rests on whether intent is shown.

ride (on)

neutral

Everything rides on whether they deliver.

turn (on)

formal

The outcome turns on whether this holds.

Directive / investigative predicates

Verb

Register

Example

audit

formal

Auditors audit whether controls function.

check

neutral

Check whether this is consistent.

confirm

neutral

Confirm whether the claim holds.

inspect

neutral

Inspect whether defects appear.

monitor

neutral

Monitor whether performance degrades.

track

neutral

Track whether metrics improve.

validate

formal

Validate whether the model generalizes.

verify

formal

Verify whether the figures match.

Hypothetical / assumption framers

Verb

Register

Example

assume

formal

Assume the premise holds.

grant

formal

Grant that this is true.

imagine

neutral

Imagine the policy fails.

posit

formal

The theory posits that constraints bind.

say

informal

Say they refuse—what then?

stipulate

formal

The contract stipulates that payment is due.

suppose

neutral

Suppose he’s wrong—what follows?

Epistemic attitude predicates

Verb

Register

Example

argue

formal

The paper argues that effects persist.

believe

neutral

She believes that it’s valid.

contend

formal

Critics contend that the model fails.

expect

neutral

We expect that results will vary.

maintain

formal

The author maintains that the claim holds.

suspect

neutral

They suspect that bias exists.

think

neutral

I think that this works.

Related to validation

Appearance / evidential predicates

Verb

Register

Example

appear

formal

It appears that errors remain.

look (like)

informal

It looks like this will fail.

seem

neutral

It seems that demand fell.

sound (like)

informal

It sounds like a workaround.