Irrealis

Subjunctive

Functional distinctiveness

  • The subjunctive is perhaps the most striking example of language moving away from the “here and now” of factual assertion

  • Carries a sense of pressure or ”ought-to-be-ness.

  • “Modal distance” between the speaker and the proposition

Usage

  • Focuses on the necessity of an event occurring rather than the event itself.

Gramamr

Conditional

Optative

Jussive

Potential

Desiderative

Dubitative

Hypothetical

Presumptive

Permissive

Eventive

Preactive

Hortative

Eventive

Precative

Volitive

Remoteness