Verb

Focus

Aspect: “simple, progressive, perfect, perfect progressive” Then tense: past, present future

Aspect

Shows how an action unfolded over time.

Tense shows time; aspect shows, for example, whether an event is seen as ongoing or completed at a particular time.

• Ongoing

• Completed with present relevance

He has finished
They had left before you arrived

• Ongoing and linked to another time

  She has been studying for hours
  She had been working before he arrived